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# 选择和使用 ISO

### 简介

Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to choose which image best suits your needs.

There are three types of installation media:

- Classical installer: Booting with this media provides you with the maximum flexibility when choosing what to install, and for configuring your system. In particular, you have a choice of which Desktop environment to install.

- LIVE media: This option allows you to try out Mageia without having to actually install it, or make any changes to your computer. However, the Live media also includes an Installer, which can be started when booting the media, or after booting into the Live operating system itself.

  ### 注意

  The Live Installer is simpler compared to the Classical Installer - but you have fewer configuration options.

  ### 重要

  Live ISOs can only be used to create “clean” installations, they cannot be used to upgrade previously installed Mageia releases.

- Net Install: These are minimal ISO's containing no more than that which is needed to start the DrakX installer and find `DrakX-installer-stage2` and other packages that are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the Internet.

  These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient if bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, or if you have a PC without a DVD drive or is unable to boot from a USB stick.

More details are given in the next sections.

### 介质

#### 定义

Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to install and/or update Mageia and, by extension, any physical medium (DVD, USB stick, ...) the ISO file is copied to.

You can find Mageia ISO's here.

#### 传统安装媒介

##### 通用特性

- These ISOs use the Classical installer called DrakX

- They are used for performing clean installs or to upgrade a previously installed version of Mageia

- Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures

- Some tools are available in the Installer “Welcome” screen: Rescue System, Memory Test, and Hardware Detection Tool

- Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and languages

- You'll be given the choice during the installation to add non-free software

#### Live 媒介

##### 通用特性

- Can be used to preview the Mageia operating system without having to install it

- The Live media also includes an Installer.

- Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma, GNOME or Xfce)

- Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures

- They contain non-free software

##### Live DVD KDE

- Plasma desktop environment only

- All available languages are present

- 64-bit architecture only

##### Live DVD GNOME

- GNOME desktop environment only

- All available languages are present

- 64-bit architecture only

##### Live DVD Xfce

- Xfce desktop environment only

- All available languages are present

- 32 or 64-bit architectures

#### Net install media

##### 通用特性

- Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures

- First steps are English language only

##### netinstall.iso

- Contains only free software, for those who prefer to not use non-free software

##### netinstall-nonfree.iso

- Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for those who need it

### 下载和检查媒介

#### 下载中

Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or BitTorrent. In both cases, you are provided with some information, such as the mirror in use and an option to switch to an alternative if the bandwidth is too low.

If http is chosen you will also see some information regarding checksums.

`md5sum`, `sha512sum` and `sha3-512sum` (the most secure) are tools to check the ISO integrity. Copy one of the checksums (string of alphanumeric characters) for use in the next section.

In the meantime, a window to download the actual ISO will open:

Click on Save File, then click OK.

#### 检查下载文件的完整性

The checksums referred to earlier, are digital fingerprints generated by an algorithm from the file to be downloaded. You may compare the checksum of your downloaded ISO against that of the original source ISO. If the checksums do not match, it means that the actual data on the ISO's do not match, and if that is the case, then you should retry the download or attempt a repair using BitTorrent.

To generate the checksum for your downloaded ISO, open a console, (no need to be root), and:

- To use the md5sum, type: md5sum path/to/the/image/file.iso

- To use the sha512sum, type: sha512sum path/to/the/image/file.iso

- To use the sha3-512sum, type: sha3-512sum path/to/the/image/file.iso

Example:

then compare the result (you may have to wait for a while) with the ISO checksum provided by Mageia.

### 刻录或转储 ISO

The verified ISO can now be burned to a CD/DVD or “dumped” to a USB stick. This is not a standard copy operation, as a bootable medium will actually be created.

#### 将ISO文件刻录到CD或DVD

Whichever software you use, ensure that the option to burn an image is used. Burn data or files is NOT correct. See the the Mageia wiki for more information.

#### 写入 ISO 到 U 盘

All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can dump them to a USB stick and then use that to boot and install the system.

### 警告

Dumping an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on the device and all existing data will be lost.

### 注意

Also, the only partition on the flash device will then just be the Mageia ISO partition.

So, if an ISO of about 4GB is written to an 8GB USB stick, the stick will then only show up as 4GB. This is because the remaining 4GB is no longer formatted - hence not currently available for use. To recover the original capacity, you must reformat and repartition the USB stick.

##### 使用 Mageia 的图形化工具

您可以使用 IsoDumper 这样的图形化工具来操作。

##### 使用 Windows 下的图形化工具

您可以尝试：

- Rufus using the "ISO image" option

- Win32 Disk Imager

##### Using the Command line within a GNU/Linux system

### 警告

It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk overwriting potentially valuable existing data if you specify the wrong target device.

1. 打开一个终端

2. Become a root (Administrator) user with the command su - (don't forget the - )

3. Plug in your USB stick - but do not mount it (this also means do not open any application or file manager that could access or read it)

4. Enter the command fdisk -l

5. Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example `/dev/sdb` in the screenshot above, is an 8GB USB stick.

   Alternatively, you can find the device name with the command dmesg. Towards the end of the following example, you can see the device name starting with `sd`, and in this case, `sdd` is the actual device. You can also see that its size is 2GB:

       [72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
       [72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
       [72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
       [72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
       [72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
       [72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
       [72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
       [72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
       [72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
       [72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
       [72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JetFlash Transcend 2GB    1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
       [72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
       [72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
       [72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
       [72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
       [72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
       [72595.967251]  sdd: sdd1
       [72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk

6. Enter the command: dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file of=/dev/sd`X` bs=1M

   Where `X`=your device name eg: `/dev/sdd`

   Example:`dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdd bs=1M`

   ### 提示

   It might be helpful to know that if stands for input file and of stands for output file

7. Enter the command: sync

8. This is the end of the process, and you may now unplug your USB stick.

© Mageia
CC BY-SA 3.0

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- Contents
- Search

- 选择和使用 ISO
  - 简介
  - 介质
    - 定义
    - 传统安装媒介
      - 通用特性
    - Live 媒介
      - 通用特性
      - Live DVD KDE
      - Live DVD GNOME
      - Live DVD Xfce
    - Net install media
      - 通用特性
      - netinstall.iso
      - netinstall-nonfree.iso
  - 下载和检查媒介
    - 下载中
    - 检查下载文件的完整性
  - 刻录或转储 ISO
    - 将ISO文件刻录到CD或DVD
    - 写入 ISO 到 U 盘
      - 使用 Mageia 的图形化工具
      - 使用 Windows 下的图形化工具
      - Using the Command line within a GNU/Linux system
- DrakX，Mageia 的安装器
  - 安装步骤
  - 安装欢迎屏幕
    - Legacy (BIOS) Systems
    - UEFI Systems
  - 安装问题和问题解决方案
    - 不使用图形界面
    - 安装停止
    - 内存问题
    - 动态分区
- 请选择要使用的语言
- 许可证和发行说明
  - 许可协议
  - 发行说明
- 设置SCSI
- 新安装或升级
- 配置时区
- Date, Clock and Time Zone Settings
- 键盘
- 分区
  - Suggested Partitioning
  - 选择挂载点
  - 确定要格式化的硬盘
  - Custom Disk Partitioning with DiskDrake
  - 格式化
- Software
  - 介质选择
    - Supplemental Installation Media
    - Available Media
  - 桌面环境选择
  - 选择软件包组
  - 最小安装
  - 选择单个软件包
- User Management
  - 设置管理员（root 账户）密码：
  - 输入用户名
  - User Management (advanced)
- Graphical Configuration
  - Graphics Card and Monitor Configuration
  - 选择一个X服务器(配置您的显示卡)
  - 选择您的显示器
- 引导程序
  - Available Bootloaders
    - Grub2
    - rEFInd
  - Bootloader Setup
    - 引导程序的主要选项
    - 引导程序配置
  - 其他选项
    - 使用现存的引导器
    - Installing Without a Bootloader
    - 添加或修改引导菜单项
- Configuration Summary
  - 系统参数
  - 硬件参数
  - 网络和 Internet 参数
  - 安全
- 选择您所在的国家/地区
  - 输入法
- 配置服务
- 选择鼠标
- 声音配置
  - 高级
- 安全级别
- 防火墙
- 更新
- 恭喜
- 卸载Mageia

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